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A Cost Effective River Basin Management Approach HERMAN SYLVESTER, Research Associate Environmental Studies Center FRANKLIN E. WOODARD, Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering University of Maine Orono, Maine INTRODUCTION The 1972 Amendments to the Clean Water Act make it clear that the United States is dedicated to cleaning up its waterways as completely as is technologically and financially possible. Our commitment now goes far beyond the goal of the 1950'sand 1960's, which was to insure certain water quality standards at minimum cost. Whereas systems analysis techniques were employed to determine the minimum of wastewater treatment to meet stated water quality standards, it now seems more appropriate in many cases to employ systems analysis techniques to determine the maximum benefits which can be derived from the expenditure of a given amount of money. It is presently required under the law that secondary treatment plants be constructed to treat wastewaters from every municipality in the country. Legally, this goal is to be reached by July 1, 1977(1). Practically, this goal is to be reached as soon as possible. It is a further goal to employ advanced treatment beyond secondary at each municipal treatment plant. Legally, this goal is to be reached July 1,1983. It is a matter of reality that the amount of money needed to reach the stated goals may not be made available in time to meet these deadlines. However, it is simply a matter of time before these treatment plants are constructed and the monies are spent. There remains a large number of questions concerning which secondary treatment plants should be built first and what types of tertiary or high level treatment plants should be built and when. Systems analysis provides the best techniques for answering these questions. This paper describes the mathematical modeling and computer programming work for a project whose objective is to develop and implement a water quality management program for the Lower Penobscot River Basin in Maine. Three mathematical models are involved. The first is a water quality simulation model. The other two are linear optimization management models. The water quality simulation model is based on Streeter-Phelps relationships. Its development was patterned after the work of Loucks, Revelle, and Lynn (2). The management models employ linear programming to identify optimal policy decisions, depending on which parameter is to be optimized. One of the management models optimizes (minimizes) the expenditure of money for the construction of treatment plants in order to satisfy water quality constraints. The second management model optimizes (maximizes) water quality for a given amount of money spent; i.e., when the amount of money that can be spent has an absolute limit for each fiscal period. Only one water quality parameter is dealt with in this paper — dissolved oxygen, (DO). DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA The Penobscot is Maine's largest river with a drainage area of approximately 22,000 sq km. The river's headwaters are near the Maine-Quebec border, from which it flows southeasterly for about 190 km before taking a more southerly course for an additional 70 km. Figure 1 shows the location of the Penobscot River within the State of Maine. A population of approximately 970,700 lives within the river's watershed and is distributed among 25 municipalities which range in size from 358 (Town of Prospect), to 33,168 (City of Bangor). The Penobscot River receives a pollution load contributed by five major pulp and 802
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC197371 |
Title | Cost effective river basin management approach |
Author |
Sylvester, Herman Woodard, Franklin Earl |
Date of Original | 1973 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 28th Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,23197 |
Extent of Original | p. 802-818 |
Series | Engineering extension series no. 142 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-06-24 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 802 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | A Cost Effective River Basin Management Approach HERMAN SYLVESTER, Research Associate Environmental Studies Center FRANKLIN E. WOODARD, Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering University of Maine Orono, Maine INTRODUCTION The 1972 Amendments to the Clean Water Act make it clear that the United States is dedicated to cleaning up its waterways as completely as is technologically and financially possible. Our commitment now goes far beyond the goal of the 1950'sand 1960's, which was to insure certain water quality standards at minimum cost. Whereas systems analysis techniques were employed to determine the minimum of wastewater treatment to meet stated water quality standards, it now seems more appropriate in many cases to employ systems analysis techniques to determine the maximum benefits which can be derived from the expenditure of a given amount of money. It is presently required under the law that secondary treatment plants be constructed to treat wastewaters from every municipality in the country. Legally, this goal is to be reached by July 1, 1977(1). Practically, this goal is to be reached as soon as possible. It is a further goal to employ advanced treatment beyond secondary at each municipal treatment plant. Legally, this goal is to be reached July 1,1983. It is a matter of reality that the amount of money needed to reach the stated goals may not be made available in time to meet these deadlines. However, it is simply a matter of time before these treatment plants are constructed and the monies are spent. There remains a large number of questions concerning which secondary treatment plants should be built first and what types of tertiary or high level treatment plants should be built and when. Systems analysis provides the best techniques for answering these questions. This paper describes the mathematical modeling and computer programming work for a project whose objective is to develop and implement a water quality management program for the Lower Penobscot River Basin in Maine. Three mathematical models are involved. The first is a water quality simulation model. The other two are linear optimization management models. The water quality simulation model is based on Streeter-Phelps relationships. Its development was patterned after the work of Loucks, Revelle, and Lynn (2). The management models employ linear programming to identify optimal policy decisions, depending on which parameter is to be optimized. One of the management models optimizes (minimizes) the expenditure of money for the construction of treatment plants in order to satisfy water quality constraints. The second management model optimizes (maximizes) water quality for a given amount of money spent; i.e., when the amount of money that can be spent has an absolute limit for each fiscal period. Only one water quality parameter is dealt with in this paper — dissolved oxygen, (DO). DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA The Penobscot is Maine's largest river with a drainage area of approximately 22,000 sq km. The river's headwaters are near the Maine-Quebec border, from which it flows southeasterly for about 190 km before taking a more southerly course for an additional 70 km. Figure 1 shows the location of the Penobscot River within the State of Maine. A population of approximately 970,700 lives within the river's watershed and is distributed among 25 municipalities which range in size from 358 (Town of Prospect), to 33,168 (City of Bangor). The Penobscot River receives a pollution load contributed by five major pulp and 802 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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