Tol. IX.
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, JUNE 27, 1874
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LiYG .Stock
[For the Indiana Farmer.
MOST PROFITABLE FEED FOR
STOCK.
Shall we feed straw or coarse fodder
rather than hay with rich feed ? In other,
words, shall we feed the coarse material to
get it out of the way? This is a question
of more importance than it may seem at
first. Coarse material will form manure,
and has thus a certain, and its main benefit, much of it being not available as feed.
But rich feed has all the more benefit as a
manure, while as a feed its properties are
nearly all available. It will thus be seen
that it is a comparative matter, and it
must be considered in all its bearings., :It
requires in general more time and mastication to use up the coarser, poorer fodder,
with less benefit, less of the little material
obtained, than with the richer better feed.
Green, tender hay needs only to be thrown
to stock,, uncut, unsteamed, and will be
readily and better eaten than straw or
cornstalks, or ripe hay. So oil and seed
cake, grain (ground or soaked), roots, and
so forth. This labor, this handling is something, as all farmers know. Just how
much, we cannot now state. It is found
that the -different articles of feed are variously profitable or unprofitable; some a
loss. The latter of course are to be excluded, and these are poor hay, straw, and
some ofthe grains. ,When wheat is at its
highest, no sensible man will pretend to
fsed it, nor any grain under the same circumstances. All these and others are to
be excluded because they are a.loss, either
too dear, or not sufficiently nutritious.
Pork fatted the past few seasons on grain
has been a loss, and a considerable one.
So more or less with other stock. The
dairy that is kept on poor hay or straw,
and thus necessitates the use of grain, or
other expensive material, is kept at a loss
—loss either in the condition of the cows,
or the high price of grain. This is quite
a common experience. What then shall
we feed? Let us see what has been done.
Seven tons arid upward per acre of clover
hay well cured, early and tender, has been
secured here. This will sustain three cows
in good condition during the winter. The
labor was the harvesting, that with machinery, and no cutting or steaming required, simply fed as made. The substance
here is all, or nearly all, available; is of
first rate quality, highly nutritious. Stock
will even fatten on it, growing stock thrive;
and milk flows in abundance, and with this
alone, having also a good effect upon the
health of the animal. Mr. J. Smith, of
Mirden, N. Y., raises such clover, and secures it in such condition, green and fragrant in midwinter. His cattle and sheep
feed upon it, and upon this alone,_and the
cows give milk in large quantities, producing good harvests of Dutter early in the
winter and early in the spring. His sheep,
he tells me, "are fat as pigs," and, remember, all on clover hay alone, that is, the
lush, tender clover cured. Mr. S. is the
earliest harvester we have, and the best
farmer. He saj;s this is the way to keep
stock, to keep it cheaply and profitably.
He has also fed other hay, but prefers
clover. Clover, then, is the thing. "But
shall I feed that alone?" will be asked.
In summer our pastures are often but
clover; is there any objection? Whole
seasons cattle get nothing but clover, and
they thrive exceedingly, more than on any
other pasture, orchard grass perhaps excepted. And why not feed it in the winter ? It is equally beneficial then, as we
know. Mr. S. says so; does it yearly. If
this then is so, why shall we not raise
•clover, make that the principal crop, or
add a little grass for variety ? Clover can
he raised more cheaply than anything else
of equal nutritive properties, or even inferior qualities of feed, with perhaps a few
slight exceptions. Corn cured for fodder
will reach as high as six tons per acre;
seldom it is carried higher. Clover, we
know,will reach seven in its two crops, and
.sometimes more. Clover is the butter
feed; it is more readily cured and kept.
The same land that raises six tons ot corn
(dried) per acre, will grow seven tons of
clover cured, with an after feed, which,
however, should be left for protection and
a start in the spring. This, then, is our
cheapest fodder—to raise clover on good
land. And poor land is eminently land to
. put to clover, to not only benefit the land,
but to secure profitable crops. A little
manure at the surface and early sowing,
will secure a start. And that is the most
.that is wanted with clover. Get a good
catch, and with the aid of the manure and
plaster there will be at least a fair crop—
i two cuttings—yielding not less than two
j tons per cutting. This is small, and is only
■ to be expected in unfavorable seasons. A
'good season will add at least a ton; and
this on poor soil, favored as we have shown.
But the seed must be sown so as to get a
good stand, a close set, for this will grow
as well as a sparse seeding, the atmosphere
doing the most. The rule here with our
best farmers is, to sow from a peck to a
feck and a half per acre. Another thing:
t is of advantage to cut two crops in a
season. It is an advantage to the roots,
strengthening them * and stimulating the
new growth which is to follow; and it
necessitates early cutting, when the stalk
is yet green and juicy and available. The
atmosphere is thus more drawn upon, and
there is of course the more profit. At the
the same time the land is improved, even
if the crop is removed, so that plowing the
land after the clover is exhausted or run
out, will give increased crops of grain,with
States, in lawful money of the United
States, a sum equal to five per centum of
its circulation, to be held and used for the
redemption of such circulation, which sum
shall be counted as a part ofits lawful reserve, as provided in section 2 of this act,
and when the circulating notes of any such
associations, assorted or unassorted, shall
be presented for redemption, in sums of
$1,000 or any multiple thereof, to the treasurer of the United States, the same shall
be redeemed in United States notes. All
notes so redeemed shall be charged by the
treasurer of the United States to the respective associations issuing the same, and
he shall notify them severally on the first
day of each month, or oftener, at his discretion, ofthe amount of such redemptions,
and when such redemptions for any asso-
be withdrawn under the provisions of section 6 of said act, until after the $54,000,-
000 granted in section 1 of said act shall
have been taken up, is hereby repealed;
and it shall be the duty of the controller
of currency, under the direction of the secretary, of the treasury, to proceed forthwith, and he is hereby authorized and required, from time to time, as application
snail be duly made therefor, and until the
full amount of the $54,000,000 shall be
withdrawn, to make a requisition on each
of the national banks described in said
section, and in the manner therein provided, organized in States having an excess of circulation, to withdraw and return
so much of this circulation as by said act
may be apportioned to be withdrawn from
them, or in lieu thereof to deposit in the
vided further, that not more than $30,-
0J0,000 shall be withdrawn and redeemed,
as herein contemplated, during the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1875.
The title of the bill is amended to read
as follows:
"An act to fix the amount of United
States notes, provide for the redistribution of the national bank currency, and
for other purposes."
The reportis signed by all the members
of the committee.
Cheap Lumber.—The Wonderly Lumber Co. are now retailing all kinds of pine
lumber at wholesale prices. They were
the first in this city to adopt this plan of
dealing direct with the people, and putting
down the price of lumber. They own one
of the largest mills in Michigan, employing some three hundred men. They also
own their own timber lands, and instead of
selling to commission men, they have established their own agency here for the purpose of selling in small or large quantities
at wholesale prices. We hope this action
on their part will be fully appreciated by
the people, and that they will he sustained
in responding to the best interests of the
buyer. We, therefore, recommend all parties wishing lumber, in large or small lots,
to call and see or send their orders to this
enterprising firm. Their advertisement
appears in another part of our paper, and
their place ol business is 22 South East
street, Indianapolis.
ITEMS OF INTEREST.
"BEDFORD;' ..XX
Berkshire Boar; the property of Jamts Rlteij;~Esq:,
Thorntown, Indiana.
superior, advantages for seeding down
again; there is a mellower soil, and it is
enriched,:and.with the proper pabulum.
Thus there is a benefit to the land, as well
as superior benefit* to stock. .Clover is
being much more raised. It Is because
the benefit is seen. We need but secure
larger and Sarlier harvested crops, and the
thing will be established. But clover, as
a feed for butter, is surpassed by the grasses ; its flavor is lacking. This the grasses
supply better than anything else; and some
of them "may be grown largely, .always
equaling clover in amount, This with the
orchard grass, which will admit of several
cuttings in a season, and earlier even than
clover, yielding largely where it is sown
thick; but it wants good land—you cannot
get it too. good. Timothy for milch cows
maybe cut twice, yielding on.good land
two fair crops of tender, nutritious hay.
And for cows, this is the only way to treat
it; something of the June principle of the
frass is thus secured.   This makes June
utter in winter.  Test it, and you will see,
as we have seen.   For horses, timothy is
required to be cut later. But our feeding of
clover, cut early, to horses, has proved
ciation shall amount to the sum of $500,
such association so notified shall forthwith
deposit with the treasurer of the United
States notes equal to the amount of its circulating notes so redeemed, and all notes
of national banks worn, defaced, mutilated, or otherwise unfit for circulation, shall,
when received by any assistant treasurer,
or at any general depository of the United
States, be forwarded to the treasury of the
United States for redemption,! as.provided
herein, and when such redemptions have
been so reimbursed the circulating notes
so redeemed shall be forwarded to the respective associations by which they were
issued; but if any suet notes are worn,
mutilated, defaced, or rendered otherwise
unfit for use, they shall be forwarded to
the controller of the currency and destroyed and replaced as provided by law. Provided, that each of said associations shall
reimburse to the treasury the charges for
transportation and the cost for assorting
such notes, and the associations hereafter
organized shall also generally reimburse
to the treasury the cost if engraving such
plates as shall be orderel by each association respectively; and the amount assessed
eminently satisfactory. As to growing' upon each association siall be in propor-
stock of all kinds, including sheep, there ] tion to the circulation redeemed, and be
is nothing equal to young, tender, well charged to the fund on deposit with the
cured clover hay. It will grow young stock treasurer; and, providet further, that so
nicely, fatten sheep, and keep cows  (in | much of section 42 of aid national bank
calf) in good strong condition. These
cows after calving it will continue in milk,
the strength transferred from the umbilical to the lactael. This, clover pure, or
mixed a little with grass, will do.. It needs
but experimenting to decide it. Then
there will be no more fussing with coarse
fodder to get it out of the way. "Good
enough" is not what is wanted; we want
better ; we want the best; and clover will
supply this, clover and the best of the grasses, but only when we make grass of them
—grass cured and grass in pasture. P. a.
Fort Plain, N. Y.
THE FINA*NCE BILL.
Full Text of the BUI as It Passed the Senate and
House—The Measure which the President has
Signed.
Section 1. The act entitled "An act to
provide a national currency, secured by a
pledge of United States bonds, and to provide for the circulation thereof," approved
June 3,1864, shall be hereafter known as
the national bank act.
Sec. 2. That section 31 of the national
bank act be so amended that the several
associations therein provided for shall not
hereafter be required to keep on hand any
amount of money, whatever, by reason of
the amount of their respective circulations;
but the moneys required by said section to
be kept at all times on hand shall be determined by the amount of deposits, in all
respects as provided for in the said section.
Sec. 2. That every association organized,
or. to be organized, under the provisions of
said act, and ofthe several acts amendatory thereof, shall at all times keep and have
on deposit in tho treasury of the United
recognizing, or permittirg the redemption
of its circulating notes ilsewhere than at
its own counter, except is provided for in
this section, is hereby repealed.
Sec. 4. That any assonation organized
under this act, or any ofthe acts to which
this is an amendment, lesiring to withdraw its circulating noes, in whole or in
part,, may upon the depoit of lawful money with the treasurer of he United States,
in sums of not less than #,000, take up the
bonds which said assocation has on deposit with the treasurer or the security of
such circulating notes, rhich bonds shall
be assigned -to the bams in the manner
specified in the 19th secion of the national bank act, and the o-standing notes of
said association to an anount equal to the
legal tender notes depoited, shall be redeemed at the treasur of the United
States and destroyed, as now provided by
law; provided that thi amount of the
bonds on deposit for ciculation shall not
he reduced below $50,00.
Sec. 5. That the conroller of the currency shall, under sucl rules and regulations as the secretary o the treasury may
prescribe, cause the darter numbers of
the association to be pinted upon all national bank notes whici may hereafter be
issued by him.
Sec. 6. That the amoint of United States
notes outstanding, and to be issued as a
part of the circulatingmedium, shall not
exceed $382,000, whichiaid sum shall appear in each monthly sttement ofthe public debt, and no part tbreof shall be beld
or used as a reserve.
Sec. 7. That so mucbof the act entitled
an act to provide for th. redemption of the
three per centum temorary loan certificates, and for an increae of national bank
notes, provided, that jo circulation shall
treasury of the United States lawful money sufficient to redeem such circulation,
and upon the return ofthe circulation required, or the deposits of lawful money as
herein provided a proportionate amount
ofthe bonds held to secure the circulation
of such association as shall make such return or deposit, shall be surrendered to it.
. Sec. 8. That upon the failure of the national banks upon which requisitions for
circulation shall be made, or any of them,
to return the amount required, or to deposit in the treasury lawful money to redeem the circulation required within thirty days, the controller of. the currency
shall at once sell, as provided in section
49 of the national currency act, approved
June 3, 1874, bonds held to secure the redemption of the circulation of the association or associations whieh shall so fail to
an amount sufficient to redeem the circulation required of such an association or
associations, and with the proceeds which
shall be deposited in the treasury of the
United States so much of the circulation
of said association or associations shall be
redeemed as will equal the amount required and not returned, and if there be any
excess of proceeds over the amount required for such redemption, it shall be returned to such association or associations
whose bonds have been sold ; and it. shall
be the duty, of the treasurer, assistant
treasurers, designated depositories, ami national bank depositories of the United
States, who shall be kept informed by the
controller of the currency, of such associations as shall fail to return circulation as
required, to assort and to return to the
treasurer the notes of such associations as
shall come into their hands until the
amount required shall be redeemed, arkl
in like manner assort and return to the
treasury for redemption the notes of such
national banks as have failed or gone into
voluntary liquidation for the purpose of
winding up their affairs, of such as shall
hereafter so fail or go into liquidation.
Sec. 9. That from and after the passage
of this act it shall be lawful for the controller of the currency, and he is hereby
ordered to issue circulating notes without
delay as applications therefor are made,
not to exceed the. sum of $55,000,000, to
associations organized, pr to be organized,
in those states and territories having less
than their.proportion of circulation under
an apportionment made on the basis of
population and wealth, as shown by the
returns of the census of 1870, and every
association hereafter organized shall be
subject, to and be governed by the rules,
restrictions and limitations, and possess
the rights, privileges, and franchises now
or hereafter to be prescribed by law as
national banking associations, with the
same power to amend, alter, and repeal
provided by the national bank act, provided that the whole amount of circulation
withdrawn and. removed from the banks
transacting business shall not exceed $55,-
000,000, and that such circulation shall be
withdrawn and redeemed as shall be necessary to supply the circulation previously
issued to the banks in those States having
less than their apportionment; and pro-
state xeivs.
- We hear of grange picnics all over tlie country.   It is a good sign.
—Tlie grangers of Tipton county met in convention Friday, the 19th, and nominated a purely
agricultural ticket.
—The first case under the Potter Railroad tariff
law of Wisconsin lias resulted in a judgment declaring ihe law constitutional.
. —The carriage factory of Doherty _ "UcCIellan,
and the farm implement store of Rabb & Matior-
ney. at Crawfordsville, were recently destroyed
by Are.   Loss $20,000.
—A meeting held at Chester Center, Wells county, June 12th, ratified the platform of tlie 10th of
June convention. They also call a county convention for July 30th.
—We have had a call this week from J. H.
Pickerell, short-horn cattle breeder of Harris-
town, 111. He represents the short-horn interest
in that State as steadily increasing.
—D. Ecley Hunter, editor of the Puzzle Department of this paper, has changed his address from
Princeton to Bloomington, Ind. All correspondents should make a note of this change and
directs letters accordingly.
-A Mississippi grange is offering $25 for the
best corn and the largest number of bushels from
one acre of land; 815 for the largest number of
gallons from one acre of cane; and J10 for the
largest and best hog raised in Winston county.
r-The Louisville and Portland Canal has passed
into the hands of the United States. It Is to be
hoped that it will speedily be put In such condition as to meet all the wants of transportation
around the falls.  Tolls will be at nominal rates.
—All persons desiring to purchase fine shorthorn cattle would do well to make a note of the
of the sales now advertised in these columns.
Perhaps no better herds will be offered this year
than those we are now advertising.
—L. A. Burke, Superintendent of the State Agricultural Farm, says that the State Agricultural
College (Purdue University) will be opened on
the 17th of September for students. Everything
will be ready and in good order by that time.
Some fifty hands are now at work on the buildings and grounds.
—We have been presented with some specimens of "Cowing's Seedling Strawberries," propagated by Granville Cowing, of Muneie, Delaware county. It Is represented as a great bearer,
of flne flavor, and larger in size than any sort in
common cultivation. About one-eighth of Its
berries are coxcomb in shape, the remainder
conical.
. —The heavy storms in Switzerland county last
week did much damage. Robert Knox lost a
stack of hay containing about five tons. It was
struck by lightning and burned up. John L.
Danglode's barn was blown down. A tree and
two large brick houses in Vevay were struck by
lightning. A portion of the roof of a new school
house was blown away, and falling on a small
house across the street, broke it down. The
smoke stacks of the two saw-'mllls were blown
down, and much other damage done In town and
country.
—H. R. Barnard, of Fowler, Benton county,
writes: "Benton county ls wide awake. I hear
the workmen making the foundation for the
new Court House, which will, when completed,
not only be a credit to one of the liveliest towns
of its size in Indiana, but an ornament to the
State. The corn in this vicinity is good, for every
honest farmer that passes my gate tells me so,
by the cheerful, honest whistle as he drives his
team to the capital of Benton. The cucumber ,
bug Is doing all the mischief possible. Potatoes
are doing well, and appearances indicate a good
harvest. Beans are looking extra well. This soil',
is the mother of fruit trees. I have never seen <
apple trees grow so finely; insects do not appear |
on any of them. They grow as I would like to |
see Benton county do in wealth and population.
At this time many new buildings are going up *
and many more are contracted for."
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