IOTIANAP0LI3, INDIAN^ JANUARY 9, 1875.
LiYG Stock*
Milch cows in New York, range a;
from $40 to $80, according to dairy
qualities, the last figures being for prime
qualities.    .
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J. W. Hodge, of Shelby county,
beught a fine yearling Short-Horn, heifer
last week of George S. Wren, of Hendricks county.
 , «   s>   « 	
Witen we offered in premium No. 9 a
a pair of Poland China pigs from the
Stock of T. E. &-E. 0. Paddock, from
."' Liberty, Union county, Indiana, we be-
- lieved they were^ a firm that understood
'the practical   details of breeding and
fattening hogs, they having been carefully breeding and imDroving their stock
for from twenty tr> twenty-five   years.
We learn from a reliable source that
208 head of these hogs, fed by different
members of the family,   after having
been closely culled for breeding purposes,
averaged 414 pounds each.
For the Indiana,Farmer.
WHITE Off BERKSHIRES.
Answer to C. M. Sleeth in Postal Card
Correspondence, December 26th.
Inbreeding any white hog, as the
Suffolk or Chester White, or a purely
black hog as the Essex, ora spotted hog
as the Poland China, (so-called) which
maybe nearly entirely black or nearly
entirely white, or sn even mixture ofthe
two colors and keep within proper limits, the breeder need give but little
thought as to color. His whole judgment and skill as a breeder may be used
in producing a perfect hog in size, form
and feeding quality without any regard
to color. ■ Not so in breeding Berk-,
shires. ' The man who breeds fashionable Berkshires must not only look totEe
hog to see that he is right in every particular as a hog, but. he must also see
that his peculiar marking in color are
also right. While there is a tendency in
all well bred Berkshi.es to be uniform
in the amount and distribution of the
white, it is as seldom that we see a litter
of six or eight pigs as near alike in the
•white marks as they are in size and
shape.   It requires more good taste and
judgment to be a successful breeder of
I fashionable Berkshires than of any other
breed. Simply because they arc,_ all
things considered,, the finest and_ nicest
hogs. Their fine foxy ears, their thin
hair and slick glossy skin, theic, small
but well set feet and legs, together with
their broad backs, strong loins and large
,hams, all coupled with roundness and
fullness of carcass combine..lo 'make
them perfect-inform, while their'white
marks sp peculiarly placed renders their
appearance really handsome.
In the well and fashionably bred
Berkshires the only white should be in
the face, and on the legs and tail.' A
nice small blaze in the face slightly enlarged as it descends on the nose gives a
better expression to tbe countenance
and is therefore more desirable than to
have the white scattered over • the face
and jaws without any regularity. . The
feet should all   be white  about to the
• knees; though a little more or less white
on the limbs is admissable. The tip of
the tail, one-fourth its length, should
also be white. There should be no other
white on a well bred Berkshire, though
a pood pig should not be discarded because it has some white on the jole or on
the elbow, or even if it has a finer small
specks of white on the body. A little
too much white or the white being misplaced does not necessarily indicate impurity of blood. An entirely black face,
or a black foot or tail, is as objectionable
as a little too much white on the head,
limbs'or body.
A fine hog would not look well with a
heavy coat of long coarse hair. A fine
Berkshire must have a fine, thin, glossy
skin, well covered with a coat of fine
soft hair. While the successful and intelligent breeder of Berkshires will not
overlook the importance of breeding to
: secure the peculiar style and  markings
, in color belonging to the Berkshire, he
will be careful to secure in his stock all
the size, shape and quality that go to
make up a perfect hog.
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Dressing Black Hogs:—If care is
taken in scalding black hogs they can be
dressed as white as any white hog. It
is a well known principle that all black
substances absorb heat. Hence in dress-
(\..mg black hogs the water should not be
so hot twin scalding white ones. If this
simple rule be observed, there will be
no difficulty in dressing black hogs. Instead of this color being an objection, I
consider it-an advantage, for the skin of
a black hog will always be found.to be
s.mooth and glossy, free from cutaneous
eruptions, and always clean.
Berkshires.
STATE NEWS.
DARK BEAHMAS.
COMFORT OF STOCK.
Editor Indiana Farmer:
It seems-like trespass to write of warm
stables, and yet I see so much need of it
I must say a few words. I have read,
and I doubt it not, that fully one-third
the food is unnecessarily consumed as
fuel to keep our animals warm.
With ten- dollars worth of time, and
sixty-five cents worth of nails, I ceiled
my stable on three sides, leaving a space
of four inches, and this I filled with
sawdust, at the same time closing and
filling in all doors but the one opening
at the south, and now the wind does not
blow in at all, nor the manure freeze, as
I have a trench behind my cows, two
feet wide and one deep, this partly filled
with dry ash sawdust, it is a pleasure to
milk instead of a cross; and besides, you
never beheld cows freer from filth, on
summer pasture. I am sorry to say they
have not felt a curry comb but three
times this winter, so it is not tbe comb
and brush that keeps them clean, but the
force of circumstances. With this
trench so close that their feet are within
two or three inches of it and the front
end of their feed so raised, two feet
and slants to within one foot of the
stanchion, they do not have to reach for
feed, but' it comes to within easy reach.,
Some farmers expose their cows to the
cold, outside winds from nine or ten
o'clock in the morning until four in tbe
afternoon on very stormy days. They
have a false idea of economy, believing
that their cattle are healthier by being
exposed to fresh air so long, and to ice
water. For three winters now I have
had new milk cows during all winter
months, and have noticed that after a fefo
hours tramp through the woods looking
for browse they would shrink their
milk from one to two quarts each time.
I have measured the milk many times
and under different circumstances, and
find by actual measure that they had
shrunk twenty per cent. and# kept at
that for three weeks during a cold snap.
This was in a barn simply battoned. I
have referred to this shrinking of milk
as a parallel case with the flesh they
would shrink under like oircumstance*.
So far we have had nice warm weather,
with now and then a cold snap, and our
cows have not suffered much. " As the
days begin to lengthen, the cold begins
to strengthen.' Not too late to save
feed. Use old boards for ceiling, and
get ready for the two coldest months in
the year. ' I don't care how poof you
work withia hammer and saw. Nail one
board on at the bottom, fill behind with
sawdust, tanbark, sand, or anything;
tramp it down hard, and should the
cracks beone inch wide the tanbark or
sawdust will not rattle out.
Union City, Pa.   Jim Scmmerton.
For the Indiana Farmer.
SHORT-HORN SALES FOR 1874.
The Berkshires are quite equal to any
other breed for early maturity and hardiness, with superior^quality *of meat.
The well known Canadian breeder, Mr.
Stone, wrote Mr. Harris: " I consider
the improved Berkshire the most useful
breed for the farmer. With pigs, as with
every, other kind of improved stock,
farmers should use nothing but purebred male animals. Many farmers send
their sows to a pure-bred boar,_and are
so well pleased with the young pigs, that
they select one of them for a boar, and
in this way their improvement is soon
lost. There are many unprincipled men
who sell grades for pure-breds, and those
who purchase them are disappointed in
trying to improve their stock. Parties,
when commencing to brefd, or wishing
to improve their common stock, should
purchase only from reliable breeders,
and not from jobbers and traders, who
sell anything they can make money by."
—Harris on the Pig.
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.     Giving Chloral to Horses.
Coachmen in Bordeaux, France, have
for some time past been in' the habit of
givinghorses in their charge chloral, so
as to make them easier to ride or drive.
The drug acted like a charm, for horses
which had previously been so spirited as
to give much trouble to their drivers
became as quiet as lambs after a few
days of this treatment. This great
change naturally attracted the attention
of the owners of the animals, and they
sent for the veterinary surgeon to ascertain the cause of this sudden gentleness.
That functionary noticed a ce. t in tendency to sleep in the animals,_but scarcely knew to what to refer this unusual
condition, when in one'of his -visits he
chanced to find a bottle half full of
chloral. . When he questioned the delinquent coachmen as to the use he
made of the drug, the latter, after mueh
hesitation, owned that, following thead-
vice of a brother whir,he gave his horres
a dose,pf.<:hlpra! evety .morning toNtnake^
them go quietly, and further,"th'aV many
of the fraternity in _ Bordeaux followed
the same plan. This is not only true of
coachmen in Bordeaux, but it is asserted
to be practiced by American coachmen
as well. .
We find in the last number of the National Live Stack Journal a tabular
statement showing the result of all the
public sales of Short-Horn cattle made
in the year.1874 in the United States
and Canada, from which we gather the
following :
IN CANADA
There were e,ight public sales made, at
which 42 bulls were sold for an average
of $225 per head, and 190 cows sold for
an average of $375 per bead- The 232
head sold for an aggregate of $80,594 or
an average'of $347 per head. : In the
United States there were 54 publio sales
at which 486 bulls sold for an average of
$270 per head, and 1874 cowb sold for an
average of $310 per head. The 2,360
head sold for an aggregate of $723,268,
or an average of 8306 per bead. The
whole aggregate of the 62 sales is 528
bulls at an average of $267 and 2,064
cows a* an'average of $413 per head; or
2,592 head for an average of $387 per
head, making a grand total of $1,004,159.
'    PURCHASES AND SALES IN INDIANA.
We will now compare the purchases
and sales in Indiana with those made in
the four adjoining States.   In Michigan
there has been but one publtb sale at which
19 head were sold jtan average of $260 for
males and females.   In Ohio there have
been two public sales at which 57 head
were sold at an average of $281 per head.
In Kentucky there have been 24 public
sales at which 1,263 head were sold at an
average of $353 per head; and in Illinois
there have been 19 public sales at which
5G0 head were sold at an average of $366.
While in Indiana three public sales have
been reported at which 162 head were
sold at   an   average of $2-13 per   head.
The average of the cattle   sold   in   the
four adjoining States is $351 per   head.
Michigan has purchased at public sales
the past year 19 head at an average cost
of $567 per head.   Ohio has purchased
68 at an average cost of $481   per head.
Kentucky has purchased 596 head at an
an average cost of $437 per head;   and
Illinois has purchased 1073 at an average cost of $329 per head; while Indiana
breeders have purchased 153 head at an
average  cost of $377 per   head.   By a
careful comparison of tne figures in the
statement referred to it will be observed
that either the stock sold   in   Indiana
went for less  than its_ real value   compared with that sold in   the other  adjoining States; or, that Indiana buyers
paid-more liberal prices than those from
other States; or   still, if  these   be  not
true, then the cattle in Indiana after the
sale were worth more per head than they
were before the sale.   That   is   to say,
that ii the stock all sold for what it was
woith and no more then the value of
the cattle purchased by Indiana breeders was worth more than those sold, by
$14,300. though 9 head less in number.
The same is true of all the adjoining
States, except Illinois. Michigan has
paid $305 per head more than she has
received for those sold while Illinois has
paid $37 per head less. _ It may be that
the stock sold in Illinois did not bring
as much in proportion to their real value
as those sold in som<> other States which
is hardly likely. Illinois purchased 41
per-cent, ofthe whoje number of Short-
Horns sold last year at auction on this
continent, arid'paid,35per cent, of the
whole cost.   I *
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The figure^ givfen above, together with
the journal's! statement, will serve as
material in assisting the readers of the
Farmer in_ determining whetber it is
better to raise Short-Horns or the common cattle of |the country. Each should
decide for himself and act as circumstances dicta (|e to bo prudent. L.
For the Indiana Farmer.
CRIBBING HORSES
In readin
over the columns of the
Farmer, I noticed a piece on cribbing
horses, by l)r. Cook, of Elmira, Ohio.
He says cribbing is caused by some
foreign substance between the teeth or
by the front teeth growing too close
together, thiis causing pain. Now I
would like tolask Dr. Cook a few questions. If his! statement be true, why
will a horse irib without placing the
front teeth onj anything, or by hooking
the chin over tne neckyoke, or why will
he draw on thef bits and erib when he is
checked up? have seen horses in pasture reach tbeir heads as high as they
could and crib, or sue k wind, which is
the same. If Dr. Cook's theory be true,
why will a suckling colt crib without
placing the teeth on anything or crib
bofore it has teeth? I would like to
get at Br,.. Cook's theory. Sawing
between the teeth does no more than to
set the teeth on edge, as the saying is, or
making them tender.
JJr. Coot may take a hammer and
punch and knock out every otber tooth,
and as soon as the horse's mouth gets
well he will crib all the same. Common
sente will teach any man raised with the
carb of horses, that cribbing is more the
fault of the master than tbe horse, viz:
by (leaving them standing hitched too
lonk exposed to cold in winter or flies in
summer. In some cases cribbing is
leafned from their mates. In some cases
it ii hereditary.
Bonce knew a very valuable mare that
coitld notjhelp cribbing, when husking
com; she would bite off the tops of the
stalks, and by so doing, would crib.
5r. Cook will have to go further down
a iorse thim the teeth to find cause of
horses cribbing. M. S. Wright.
Westville, LaPorte Co., Ind.
I
Another Word About Graham.
At last we have what we have long
desired—graham meal of excellent quality, in which the bran is cut so fine that
its appearance is scarcely .noticed. It
comes in sacks from St. Paul, where it is
manufactured, and is .called "graham
flour from granulated wheat. This
flour, like the granulated wheat, (which
is a very nice article of feod, otherwise
called "graniolo,") seems to have the
starchy portion ofthe wheat, or the fine
flour, removed. It seems like very nice
canaille, but the bran is all there after
all, I should think, but_ beautifully fine.
To make gems with it for breakfast,
we usually stir a thin batter ofthe granulated flour and water at night, and
thicken this with fine flour in the morning, before putting it into our hot gem
fians and hot oven. For persons who
ive mostly upon fine flour bread, it may
be best to eat this flour _as it comes,
without the_ starchy portion, to restore
the equilibrium, but 1 like best to make
it with the addition of sonre fine flour,
as we all prefer now to lyre more upon
gems than upon yeast bread.—American
Agriculturalist.
A Crawfordsville man recently sent a
postal card with.1,200 words on.
Steele's pork-house, at Marion, packed
10,652 hogs during the past season.
_ The great hunt for the Benton county
lion came off on the lst, but they did not
find the beast.
The Terre Haute nail-works manufactured during the month of December
8,000 kegs of nails.
Five hundred of the new corn drill
have been built in Muncie during the
past year, and the parties engaged in
the enterprise propose to push things
next year. • •
Hickman and Bennett, the two murderer of two Polanders, Cihauski and
his wife, in St. sJoseph county, having
been sentenced to be hung, have both
made confession of their guilt.
Grafton Johnson, James Forsyth, W.
W. Lowe, Mr. Shirke and Mr. Allen
have each given $5,000, and Isaac Bum-
garner and James Bradley $2,500 each,
to tho endowment fund of Franklin
College, which is now about $75,000,
placing the institution on a solid basis.
•The Wabash Plaindealer says: "A
disastrous fire occurred on Sunday
morning, destroying the old Davis House
stable, with its entire contents, represented to be about $35,000 worth of
tobacco, the property of Mr. Joseph
Kistler, qf, Waltz township. The fire
occurred about 4 o'clook m the morning."
Fine Pigs.—We noticed some eight
or ten pigsat tho express office the other
day, which attracted considerable attention. At tho present the Berkshire is
the most popular pig*in»this country and
the finest formed pig in the world.
These mentioned above were bred by
William Higbee. near Kising Sun, Ind.,
who has selected his stock from the
prize herds, of this country.— Dearborn
Independent.
A correspondent of the Anderson
Herald says: "Mr. George Ross met
with qui'e an adventure the other day.
He had been out on business, and started home from New Lancaster, Tipton
county, in a buggy. He dropped his
pocket-book containing $900 in cash,
and $2,000 in notes, on the road, and
did not miss it until after he had got into
KIwood. Y'ou may well imagine that he
felt not a little blue at so great a loss.
Peter Carey, following close after George,
found the pocket-book, and arrivingin
town, returned it to its rightful owner."
The Vincennes Sun says: "Monday
last, a two-year-old child, daughter of
Mrs. Clifton, of Texas, who was visiting
her sister, Mrs. Taylor, residing two
miles northeast of Bruceville, this
county, met with a sudden death. The
little one was lying on a bed sleeping,
when the second floor, upon which was
a lot of wheat, gave way, falling with
great force to the first floor, but tho
heaviest weight fell upon the bed in
which the child was sleeping, and when
the rubbish was removed it was found
that the little thing was. dead. Others
in the house were more or less injured,
but none fatally." •
Verities.
The verities of true religion are of an
independent order and nature. These
are .always true. No discoveries of
science, no change of speculative belief
can ever interfere with them. The essential truth of Christianity is not a
matter of logical evidence at all; it is a
matter of fact, for it is based upon the
highest spiritual laws, and embodies the
loftiest conception ofour reason, as well
as our best and purest feeling. Its defense may be safely left to itself. The
Christian life refutes every argument
against the truth of Christianity, placing
it far beyond the reach of question or
cavil; but if this life is absent, no
measure of argument will be able satisfactorily to substantiate it.—London
Quarterly Review.
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The Kansas Farmer gives the experience of a good farmer who had tried
feeding hogs on wheat as well as corn.
He said when wheat was cheap he found
it profitable to feed his hogs on it, He
took 100 hogs, and put 50 in pens and
fed corn, and 50 fed wheat, with the following result: The 50 with corn made
eleven pounds per bushel, the 50 with
wheat made seventeen pounds of good
solid pork per bushel of wheat. The
wheat was ground like meal, boiling
water poured over it, and then let stand
forty-two hours.
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The codling moth is one of the greatest pests the orchardist has to contend
with. Mr. E. S. Shell gives tbe following preventive: "Two quarts salt dissolved in water and boiled. Slack a
peck of lime in it while hot, and reduce
the.lime thereby to a dry powder. Apply with a sifter, or better with a grape
ieliows."
Country schools are superior to city
schools in what is left out ofthe course
of instruction. There is no language
taught save the glorious tongue spoken
by Milton, Bacon, Jefferson and Webster. There is no music except Lt is introduced as a sort of pastime or a relief
from study. There are no gymnastic
performances, for it is presumed that
country boys and_ girls get exercise
enough while working at home or walking to and from the school-house. There
is no instruction in the fine arts, and
accordingly^ no expense for drawing
books and implements. There are no
studies for the express purpose of accomplishing mental discipline, and none
ofthe so-called culture studies.
To Extinguish Kerosenf, Flames.
The alarming frequency of accidents
from kerosene flames, coupled with the
great difficulty encountered in." subduing
them, renders the acquisition of any
ready and convenient means of extinguishing them a matter of much importance to every household. Perhaps one
ofthe most ready means is to throw a
cloth of some kind over the flames, and
thus stifle itjbut as the cloth is not
always convenient to the kitchen, where
such occcidents most frequently occur,
someone recommends flour a& a substitute, which is always at hand in tho
kitchen, and which it is said promptly
extinguishes the flames. It rapidly
absorbs the fluid, deadens the flame, and
can be readily gathered up and thrown
out of doors when the fire is out.
A little Vermont girl called at a (
drugstore,and said: "Mymotherwants
ten cents'worth of jumps. ' Thisaston-,
ished the clerk. The child insisted that?
it was "jumps" she bad been sent for; j
but returned to her mother for further instructions. Very boob she came*
back, and said it was "hops" that she)
wanted.
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